Understanding Blood Cancer: Leukemia, Lymphoma & Myeloma – Complete Guide
R RBC
Red Blood Cells
Carry Oxygen
WBC
White Blood Cells
Fight Infection
PLT
Platelets
Clot Blood
BMC
Bone Marrow
Production Site

Key Insight

Blood cancers account for approximately 10% of all new cancer diagnoses worldwide, but thanks to advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapies, survival rates have improved significantly over the past two decades.

Blood cancer, also known as hematologic cancer, is a complex group of diseases that affect the production and function of blood cells. These cancers typically begin in the bone marrow where blood is produced. Unlike solid tumors, blood cancers circulate through the bloodstream and lymphatic system, potentially affecting multiple organs throughout the body.

What is Blood Cancer?

Blood cancer occurs when abnormal blood cells start growing uncontrollably, interfering with the function of normal blood cells. Normal blood cells include red blood cells (carry oxygen), white blood cells (fight infection), and platelets (help blood clot). When cancer disrupts this delicate system, it can lead to serious health problems.

1.3M+
people worldwide are diagnosed with blood cancer each year, according to the World Health Organization

Types of Blood Cancer

There are three main types of blood cancer, each with distinct characteristics and treatment approaches:

1. Leukemia

Leukemia is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow characterized by the rapid production of abnormal white blood cells. These abnormal cells crowd out healthy blood cells, making it hard for blood to perform its functions.

  • Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL): Most common in children but can occur in adults
  • Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): More common in adults
  • Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL): Most common in older adults
  • Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): Primarily affects adults

2. Lymphoma

Lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system, which is part of the body's immune system. It develops in lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell that fights infection.

  • Hodgkin Lymphoma: Characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells
  • Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: More common, with over 60 subtypes

3. Myeloma

Myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell that produces antibodies. Multiple myeloma is the most common type, affecting multiple areas of the bone marrow.

Blood Cancer Types At a Glance

Leukemia
Origin: Bone Marrow
Affects: White Blood Cells
Symptoms: Fatigue, Infections
Lymphoma
Origin: Lymphatic System
Affects: Lymphocytes
Symptoms: Swollen Nodes, Fever
Myeloma
Origin: Plasma Cells
Affects: Antibody Production
Symptoms: Bone Pain, Kidney Issues

Living with Blood Cancer

A blood cancer diagnosis is life-changing, but many people live full lives during and after treatment. Support from healthcare teams, family, friends, and support groups is crucial. Managing side effects, maintaining nutrition, and addressing emotional health are all important aspects of comprehensive cancer care.

If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with blood cancer, remember that you are not alone. Connect with advocacy organizations, seek second opinions when needed, and stay informed about new treatment options through reliable sources.

© 2023 Oncology Insights Hub. All rights reserved. | This blog provides general information about blood cancer and is not a substitute for professional medical advice.

Medical Disclaimer: Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment options.

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